登录站点

用户名

密码


电动汽车品牌俱乐部 - 中国电动车杂志社会员申请俱乐部

  • 分享 收藏

    电动汽车用锂离子电池技术的国内外进展简析 

    3dghj5199 2009-01-15 08:23

    电动汽车用锂离子电池技术的国内外进展简析Analysis on Domestic and Foreign Progresses of the Electric Automobile Used Lithium-ion Battery Technology

     

    前言:

    蓄电池及其管理系统是电动汽车的关键技术之一。在以往几年中,大部分企业在电动汽车研制中曾遭遇尴尬,主要是因为采用了铅酸、镍镉、镍氢电池(Ni-MH)等。现在,经过研制与实验比较,采用能量密度更高的锂离子电池取代铅和镍氢电池,是最为可行的方法。

    The battery and its management system are one of the key technologies of electric automobile. In the past several years, the majority of enterprises once encountered awkward problems in the electric automobile development, is mainly because they has used the lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride battery (Ni-MH), etc. Now, after research and experiment comparison, using the energy density higher lithium ion battery to substitute lead and the nickel hydrogen battery is the most feasible method.

     

    正文:

     

    一、电动汽车电池技术获得突破性发展  First, the Electric Automobile Battery Technology Obtains Unprecedented Development

      蓄电池及其管理系统是电动汽车的关键技术之一。在以往几年中,大部分企业在电动汽车研制中曾遭遇尴尬,主要是因为采用了铅酸、镍镉、镍氢电池(Ni-MH)等。现在,经过研制与实验比较,采用能量密度更高的锂离子电池取代铅和镍氢电池,运用于汽车领域正成为一项核心技术,它具有重量轻、储能大、功率大、无污染、也无二次污染、寿命长、自放电系数小、温度适应范围宽泛,是电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动小轿车、电动大货车等较为理想的车用蓄电池。缺点是价格较贵、安全性较差。不过现在已有技术开发锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂、磷酸钒锂等新型材料,大大提高了锂离子电池的安全性,而且降低了成本。

      The battery and its management system are one of the key technologies of electric automobile. In the past several years, the majority of enterprises once encountered awkward problems in the electric automobile development, is mainly because they has used the lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride battery (Ni-MH), etc. Now, after research and experiment comparison, using the energy density higher lithium ion battery to substitute lead and the nickel hydrogen battery is becoming a core technology in the automobile domain. It is ideal automobile used battery of the electric bicycle, electric motorcycle , electric car, electric truck and so on vechcle because it is light, with high energy storage, big power, pollution-free, no secondary pollution, long service life, small self-discharge coefficient, broad temperature adaptation scope. The shortcoming is its expensive price, and bad safety. However there are technologies to develop the lithium manganese, the iron phosphate lithium, the phosphoric acid vanadium lithium and so on new material now, which enhanced the lithium ion battery safety greatly, moreover reduced the cost.

     

    表:EV蓄电池关键技术数据与美国先进蓄电池协作体公布指标比较 Table: EV battery key technologies data and the American advanced battery cooperation body announced target comparison

     

    比能量a (W/h/kg)

    比功率密度a (Wh/l)

    比功率b ((W/kg)

    循环寿命b

    参考价格d (US$/k Wh)

    阀控铅酸

    30-45

    60-90

    200-300

    400-600

    150

    -

    40-60

    80-110

    150-350

    600-1200

    300

    镍锌

    60-65

    120-130

    150-300

    600-1200

    200-350

    /空气

    230

    269

    105

    NA c

    90-120

    /空气

    190-250

    190-200

    7-16

    NA c

    NA

    /

    100

    150

    200

    800

    250-450

    /氯化镍

    110

    149

    150

    1000

    1-230-350

    锂聚合物

    155

    220

    315

    600

    NA

    锂离子

    90-130

    140-200

    250-450

    800-1200

    >200

    USABC

    200

    300

    400

    1000

    <100

      注:NA-数据不详、a-C/3放电率、b-80%DODc-机械重充电、d-仅供参考、USABC-美国先进蓄电池协作体。

    Note: The NA- data is unclear, a-C/3 discharge ratio, b-80%DOD, the c- mechanical re-charging, d- only to supply for reference, the USABC- US advanced battery cooperation body.

      资料来源:陈清泉、孙立清,电动汽车的现状和发展趋势,科技导报,20054月,第23卷第4

    Data source: Chen Qingquan, Sun Liqing, Electric Automobile's Present Situation and Development Trend, Technical Review, in April, 2005, the 23rd volume 4th issue

      

    二、锂离子电池产业化动态  Second, Lithium ion Battery Industrial Production Tendency

    随着成本的急剧降低和性能的大幅度提高,已有许多汽车生产厂家开始投入使用锂离子电池。下表是主要锂离子电池厂商研发与生产概要。截至200610月为止,全球主要国家已有20余家车厂进行锂离子电池研发。如富士重工与NEC合作开发廉价的单体(Cell)锰系锂离子电池(即锰酸锂电池),具有高安全性、低制造成本特点,在车载环境下的寿命高达12年、10万公里,与纯电动汽车的整车寿命相当。东芝开发的可急速充电锂离子蓄电池组,除了小型、大容量的特点之外,采用了能使纳米级微粒均一化固定技术,可使锂离子均匀地吸附在蓄电池负极上,能在一分钟之内充电至其容量的80%,再经6分钟便可充满电。美国的主要电池厂Johnson Controls针对电动车需求特性的锂离子电池于20059月在威斯康星州Milwaukee设立研发地点,20061月另出资50%与法国电池厂Saft共同成立Johnson ControlsSaft Advanced Power Solution JCS)。JCS 20068月承接了美国能源部(DOE)所主导2USABC(United States Advanced Battery Consortium)纯电动车锂离子电池研发计划合约,另外亦与车厂签约提供高功率锂离子电池。

     

    Along with the sudden reduction of the cost and large scale enhancement of the performance, many automobile manufacturers start to use lithium ion battery. The next table is the outline of development and the production of the main lithium ion battery manufacturers. By the time of October, 2006, there are over 20 factories in the major countries of the world to carry on the lithium ion battery research and development. Such as inexpensive monomer (Cell) the manganese is the lithium ion battery (i.e. manganese acid lithium battery) cooperated developed by Fuji Heavy Industry and NEC, has characteristics of high safety, low production cost, whose service life as long as 12 years, 100,000 kilometers when embedded in the vehicles which equal to the service life of the pure electric automobile. Toshiba developed the lithium ion battery unit which could charge rapidly, besides the characteristics of small, large capacity, it used fixed technology which was able to cause the nanometer level particle homogenizing, might cause the lithium ion be adsorbed evenly on the negative terminal of the battery, could charged to 80% of its capacity in one minute, 6 minutes more was possible to fill the electricity. American main battery plant Johnson Controls set up the research and development place in September, 2005 in Wisconsin Milwaukee in view of the lithium ion battery which matched with the electric car demand characteristic. Johnson Controls invested 50% of the total capital to establish Johnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Solution (JCS) together with French Battery plant Saft  in January, 2006.JCS took the USABC (United States Advanced Battery Consortium) pure electric car lithium ion battery research and development plan contract which had been led United States Department of Energy (DOE) for 2 years in August, 2006. Moreover they also signed contracts for providing the high power lithium ion battery with automobile factories.

      

    表:主要锂离子电池厂商研发与生产概要 Table: Development and Production Outline of Main Lithium-ion Battery Manufacturers

    电池厂商

    产品概要

    Degussa AG/Enax

    20056月,德国Degussa与日本Enax分别各出资50%在中国成立Degussa EnaxAnqiuPower Lion Technology 公司,生产锂离子电池电极与销售,该厂同时生产电动车用锂离子电池电极,并供应至中国与欧美日等国。

    Johnson ControlsSaft Advanced Power Solution JCS

    JCS Johnson Controls Saft 20061月合并的公司,Saft 1995年开始研发电动车锂离子电池,Johnson Controls 于威斯康星州的Milwaukee设厂生产专为电动车设计的锂离子电池,2005年开始提供美国车厂锂离子电池试作品。

    NEC Lamilion Energy

    20063月提供适合电动车用锰系锂离子电池,车载电池寿命为2,700W/kg2510秒、SVOC50%),具高输出特性,达成1015万公里等效距离运行测试,已有20余家车厂拥有研发实绩。

    Sanyo电机

    20063月,日本德岛工厂提供1,000组用锂离子电池予车厂电动车试用,预定2007年量产。

    Panasonic EV Energy

    200510ToyotaPanasonic EV Energy出资从40%提高至60%,已将其纳入子公司,预定于2008年在Prius装上可具备外部充电功能的锂离子电池,目前正进行实用化性能评估与量产验证。

    GS Yuasa

    20043月,开始销售电动车与不断电系统锂离子电池E-on EX25Acell)与EX25A-7(模块)。

    Hitachi Vehicle Energy, Ltd.

    日立Vehicle Energy公司系于20046月,由新神户电机43.7%、日立36.7%、日立macell 19.6%组成,专门生产电动车用锰系锂离子电池。20056月研发小型、低成本之锂离子电池控制模块试作品(48cell),锂离子电池配合新开发的控制装置较传统成本降低12.5%,精简空间10%

    Litcel(日本)

    2006年开发电动车驱动用Li-ion B4-40锂离子电池组(pack),装置于三菱Colt-EV车上进行实证测试,充电一次续航距离为150km

    提高话题竞价排名
    | 推荐给和自己互动最多的好友,默认是300人|分享这篇话题到我的个人动态
    • 举报 #2
      xugong 2009-01-21 23:34
      很好!值得推广和应用!
    你还不是该群组正式成员,不能参与讨论。 现在就加入